Module 1
  Definitions and Concepts

Content Discussion

Social Learning Theory

Social learning theory is the most comprehensive theory explaining behaviour change because it addresses both the underlying determinants of health behaviour and methods of promoting change. The theory views change as a product of the interaction between individuals and their environments.

Social learning theory is very complex, and, unlike other theories, such as the Health Belief Model, there is no framework that links the components of the theory together. The key elements of the theory are:

reciprocal determinism
observational learning
expectations
self-efficacy

Key Elements of Social Learning Theory

Reciprocal determinism – describes the way in which behaviour and the environment continuously interact and influence one another. Understanding this interaction offers an important insight into the ways in which behaviours can be modified through health promotion interventions. For example, modifying social norms about smoking is considered to be one of the most powerful ways of promoting cessation among adults.

Observational learning – is the capacity to learn by observing the behaviour of others. For example, children may be more likely to follow the example of people they admire (role models).

Expectations – are the value an individual places on the outcomes resulting from different behaviours. For example, if you believe that smoking will help you to lose weight and place great value on weight loss, then you may be more likely to take up smoking.

Self-efficacy – is an individual’s belief and level of confidence in her/his own ability to successfully make a change or perform a behaviour. Social learning theory identifies self-efficacy as the most important factor for successful change.

Taken as a whole, Social Learning Theory identifies the importance of social norms and cues, environmental influences, and self confidence (self-efficacy) on health behaviour. The theory suggests that health promoters act as ‘change agents’, facilitating change through modification of the social environment and the development of skills and capacities that enable individuals to make healthy changes.

For a more detailed explanation of social learning theory, please refer to Readings and Resources listed at the end of this Module.

<Previous>